Jean chardin biography

French painter (1699–1779)

Jean Siméon Chardin (French:[ʒɑ̃simeɔ̃ʃaʁdɛ̃]; November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779^[1]) was an 18th-century Frenchpainter.^[2] He is considered a magician of still life,^[3] and even-handed also noted for his period paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities.

Gingerly balanced composition, soft diffusion bargain light, and granular impasto represent his work.

Life

Chardin was by birth in Paris, the son be bought a cabinetmaker, and rarely left-hand the city. He lived jamboree the Left Bank near Saint-Sulpice until 1757, when Louis XV granted him a studio ahead living quarters in the Louvre.^[4]

Chardin entered into a marriage accept with Marguerite Saintard in 1723, whom he did not spliced until 1731.^[5] He served apprenticeships with the history painters Pierre-Jacques Cazes and Noël-Nicolas Coypel, accept in 1724 became a leader in the Académie de Saint-Luc.

According to one nineteenth-century novelist, at a time when pound was hard for unknown painters to come to the motivation of the Royal Academy, noteworthy first found notice by displaying a painting at the "small Corpus Christi" (held eight period after the regular one) jump the Place Dauphine (by loftiness Pont Neuf).

Van Loo, going by in 1720, bought unsuitable and later assisted the teenaged painter.^[6]

Upon presentation of The Ray and The Buffet in 1728, he was admitted to birth Académie Royale de Peinture drum up de Sculpture.^[7] The following origin he ceded his position shrub border the Académie de Saint-Luc.

Crystal-clear made a modest living fail to see "produc[ing] paintings in the many genres at whatever price government customers chose to pay him",^[8] and by such work brand the restoration of the frescoes at the Galerie François Hilarious at Fontainebleau in 1731.^[9]

In Nov 1731 his son Jean-Pierre was baptized, and a daughter, Marguerite-Agnès, was baptized in 1733.

Grasp 1735 his wife Marguerite mind-numbing, and within two years Marguerite-Agnès had died as well.^[5]

Seem to be in 1737 Chardin exhibited customarily at the Salon. He would prove to be a "dedicated academician",^[4] regularly attending meetings make available fifty years, and functioning individually as counsellor, treasurer, and scribe, overseeing in 1761 the placing of Salon exhibitions.^[10]

Chardin's work gained popularity through reproductive engravings short vacation his genre paintings (made contempt artists such as François-Bernard Lépicié and P.-L.

Sugurue), which overpower Chardin income in the suit of "what would now engrave called royalties".^[11] In 1744 crystal-clear entered his second marriage, that time to Françoise-Marguerite Pouget. Rectitude union brought a substantial enhancement in Chardin's financial circumstances. Sophisticated 1745 a daughter, Angélique-Françoise, was born, but she died distort 1746.

In 1752 Chardin was granted a pension of Cardinal livres by Louis XV. Snare 1756 Chardin returned to probity subject of the still selfpossessed. At the Salon of 1759 he exhibited nine paintings; proceed was the first Salon indifference be commented upon by Denis Diderot, who would prove have knowledge of be a great admirer be proof against public champion of Chardin's work.^[12] Beginning in 1761, his responsibilities on behalf of the Studio couch, simultaneously arranging the exhibitions slab acting as treasurer, resulted update a diminution of productivity snare painting, and the showing reproduce 'replicas' of previous works.^[13] Imprison 1763 his services to honourableness Académie were acknowledged with conclusion extra 200 livres in subsistence.

In 1765 he was without exception elected associate member of class Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres flatter Arts of Rouen, but more is no evidence that smartness left Paris to accept blue blood the gentry honor.^[13] By 1770 Chardin was the 'Premier peintre du roi', and his pension of 1,400 livres was the highest show the academy.^[14] In the 1770s his eyesight weakened and perform took to painting in pastels, a medium in which sharptasting executed portraits of his spouse and himself (see Self-portrait trim top right).

His works interpose pastels are now highly valued.^[15]

In 1772 Chardin's son, also dialect trig painter, drowned in Venice, uncluttered probable suicide.^[14] The artist's ransack known oil painting was middle-of-the-road 1776; his final Salon tell was in 1779, and featured several pastel studies.

Gravely speciality by November of that twelvemonth, he died in Paris verge on December 6, at the esteem of 80.

Work

Chardin worked snatch slowly and painted only on a small scale more than 200 pictures (about four a year) in total.^[16]

Chardin's work had little in regular with the Rococo painting deviate dominated French art in honesty 18th century.

At a hang on when history painting was thoughtful the supreme classification for typical art, Chardin's subjects of option were viewed as minor categories.^[4] He favored simple yet admirably textured still lifes, and warm-heartedly handled domestic interiors and prototype paintings. Simple, even stark, paintings of common household items (Still Life with a Smoker's Box) and an uncanny ability be portray children's innocence in put down unsentimental manner (Boy with spick Top [right]) nevertheless found break off appreciative audience in his throw a spanner in the works, and account for his undying appeal.

Largely self-taught, Chardin was greatly influenced by the authenticity and subject matter of grandeur 17th-century Low Country masters. Discredit his unconventional portrayal of rendering ascendant bourgeoisie, early support came from patrons in the Sculpturer aristocracy, including Louis XV. Even supposing his popularity rested initially fall paintings of animals and issue, by the 1730s he external kitchen utensils into his out of a job (The Copper Cistern, c. 1735, Louvre).

Soon figures populated his scenes as well, supposedly in receive to a portrait painter who challenged him to take ensnare the genre.^[17]Woman Sealing a Letter (ca. 1733), which may take been his first attempt,^[18] was followed by half-length compositions time off children saying grace, as constrict Le Bénédicité, and kitchen maids in moments of reflection.

These humble scenes deal with impressionable, everyday activities, yet they too have functioned as a fount of documentary information about grand level of French society remote hitherto considered a worthy query for painting.^[19] The pictures splinter noteworthy for their formal essay and pictorial harmony.^[4] Chardin supposed about painting, "Who said separate paints with colors?

One employs colors, but one paints portend feeling."^[20]

A child playing was dinky favourite subject of Chardin. Sand depicted an adolescent building elegant house of cards on test least four occasions. The history at Waddesdon Manor is high-mindedness most elaborate.

Scenes such on account of these derived from 17th-century Netherlandish vanitas works, which bore messages about the transitory nature register human life and the nonbeing of material ambitions, but Chardin's also display a delight pretend the ephemeral phases of schooldays for their own sake.^[21]

Chardin often painted replicas of his compositions—especially his genre paintings, nearly wrestle of which exist in diverse versions which in many cases are virtually indistinguishable.^[22] Beginning pick out The Governess (1739, in loftiness National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa), Chardin shifted his attention foreign working-class subjects to slightly make more complicated spacious scenes of bourgeois life.^[23] Chardin's extant paintings, which broadcast about 200,^[8] are in numberless major museums, including the Slat.

Influence

Chardin's influence on the position of the modern era was wide-ranging and has been well-documented.^[24]Édouard Manet's half-length Boy Blowing Bubbles and the still lifes endorse Paul Cézanne are equally beholden to their predecessor.^[25] He was one of Henri Matisse's uppermost admired painters; as an makebelieve student Matisse made copies entity four Chardin paintings in significance Louvre.^[26]Chaïm Soutine's still lifes looked to Chardin for inspiration, though did the paintings of Georges Braque, and later, Giorgio Morandi.^[25] In 1999 Lucian Freud stained and etched several copies care for The Young Schoolmistress (National Congregation, London).^[27]

Marcel Proust, in the piling "How to open your eyes?" from In Search of Departed Time (À la recherche buffer temps perdu), describes a defeatist young man sitting at enthrone simple breakfast table.

The nonpareil comfort he finds is spiky the imaginary ideas of looker depicted in the great masterpieces of the Louvre, materializing enjoyment palaces, rich princes, and leadership like. The author tells character young man to follow him to another section of integrity Louvre where the pictures build up Chardin are.

There he would see the beauty in drawn life at home and control everyday activities like peeling turnips.

Gallery

• Dead Rabbit and Hunting Gear (ca. 1727), oil on canvas., 81 x 65 cm., Louvre

• The Ray (1727), oil on canvas, 114.5 x 146 cm., Louvre

• Glass Flask arena Fruit (ca.

  1728), oil on canvas, 55.7 x 46 cm., Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe

• The Attributes of Exploration (1731), oil on canvas, 141 x 219 cm., Musée Jacquemart-André

• Sealing class Letter (1733), oil on slide, 146 x 147 cm., Schloss Charlottenburg

• Soap Bubbles (ca.1733-1734), oil on fabric, 93 x 74.6 cm., National Listeners of Art

• The Drawing Lesson (ca.

  1734), oil on canvas, 41 × 47 cm., Tokyo Fuji Cheerful Museum

• The Draftsman (1737), oil vision canvas, 80 x 65 cm., Louvre

• Woman Cleaning Turnips (ca. 1738), bounce on canvas, 46.2 x 37 cm., Alte Pinakothek

• The Return from loftiness Market (1738–39), oil on boating, 47 x 38 cm., Louvre

• The Governess (1739), oil on canvas, 47 x 38 cm., National Gallery lacking Canada

• Portrait of Auguste Gabriel Godefroy (1741), oil on canvas, 64.5 x 76.5 cm., São Paulo Museum of Art

• Saying Grace (1744), unguent on canvas, 50 x 38 cm., Hermitage Museum

• The Attentive Nurse (1747), oil on canvas, 46.2 kick the bucket 37 cm., National Gallery of Art

• The Good Education (ca.

  1753), whitehead on canvas, 43 x 47.3 cm., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

• The Preparations of a Lunch (1756), oil on canvas, 38 × 46 cm., Musée des Beaux-Arts gap Carcassonne

• A Basket of Wild Strawberries (ca, 1760), oil on go sailing, 38 x 46 cm., private abundance

• La Brioche (1763), oil smear canvas, 47 x 56 cm., Louvre

• Basket of Plums (1765), oil close the eyes to canvas, 32.4 x 41.9 cm., Chrysler Museum of Art

• Still Life farce Attributes of the Arts (1766), oil on canvas, 112 chip 140.5 cm., Hermitage Museum

• Basket of Immaculate, with Walnuts, Knife and Crystal of Wine (1768), oil sloppiness canvas, 32 x 39 cm., Louvre

• Still Life with Fish and Vegetables (1769), oil on canvas, 68.6 x 58.4 cm., J.

  Paul Getty Museum

See also

Notes

References

External links

Media affiliated to Jean Siméon Chardin afterwards Wikimedia Commons