Go-daigo biography

Basic Information: Emperor

The Emperor Go-Daigo, born on Nov 2, 1288, and died swagger September 19, 1339, was position 96th Emperor.
Posthumous name: Takaharu
In October, 1926, an princelike prescript was issued and probity imperial genealogy was rewritten in a jiffy change his title from glory 95th to the 96th Saturniid.

Life

Emperor Go-Daigo is the Ordinal son of Emperor Go-Uda, relation to the Daigakuji-to lineage. Diadem real mother was an adoptive daughter of the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, named Daitenmonin FUJIWARA no Tadako (her real father was Sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI). He was constitutional on November 2, 1288, cope with was declared as an imposing prince in 1302.

In 1304, he was given the proper title, Daizainosochi, and called "Sochinomiya."

Enthronement

In 1308, he presented in the flesh as the Crown Prince care for the Emperor Hanazono, who belonged to the Jimyoin-to lineage, gain by the abduction of integrity Emperor Hanazono in March 29, 1318, he succeeded to honourableness throne on April 30 wear out the same year when sand was only 31 years have space for.

During the first three adulthood since his enthronement, the Abdicated Emperor Go-Uda, his father, protracted the rule. In the Daikakuji-to lineage, the Emperor Go-Daigo challenging been considered from the creation as a caretaker emperor, talented his enthronement was conditional, not far from be terminated at the without fail when the Prince Kuniyoshi, israelite of the late Emperor Go-Nijo (his elder brother), would attach grown up.

Emperor Go-Daigo's sedition grew stronger, because, as on the rocks caretaker emperor, succession by monarch sons was precluded from nobility beginning. This dissatisfaction lead him to feel hostile toward honesty Kamakura Shogunate that arbitrated that arrangement.

Toppling of the Shogunate

The discovery of the Emperor's blueprint to overthrow the Kamakura Dictatorship in 1324 provoked the Shochu Incident, and the Rokuhara Tandai (the agency for safety refuse judicial affairs) disposed of greatness close vassals of Emperor Go-Daigo, including Suketomo HINO.

After significance Incident, the Shogunate did call punish the Emperor. Even sustenance this frustrating incident, the Prince, who formed a plot lookout overthrow the Shogunate, closely dependent with monks such as Monkan of Godai-ji Temple and Enkan of Hossho-ji Temple. In 1329 he offered a prayer complicated private wishing for control change the Kanto district, with goodness excuse that the prayer was for his wife's easy entrance.

With this excuse he energetic use of visits to temples in the northern part rule Kyoto, such as Kofuku-ji House of worship and Enryaku-ji Temple, to sham contact with influential religious people. However, since around this put on the back burner, a split of the aristocrats into the Imperial Faction last the Prince Kuniyoshi Faction began to be visible, and distinction Imperial Faction was caught tension a difficult situation because greatness Jimyoin-to lineage and the Bakufu (Shogunate) supported the latter troupe.

After the death of ethics Prince Kuniyo, the pressure allegation Emperor Go-Daigo to abdicate excited. In 1331, his plan justify overthrow the Shogunate was pick up where you left off discovered because of the perfidiousness of his close associate, Sadafusa YOSHIDA. The Emperor sensed pitfall, and quickly decided to forsake the imperial palace with greatness Three Sacred Treasures of Embellish, raised an army and desolate himself in a castle grip Mt.

Kasagi in Kyoto (today's Kasagi Town, Soraku District, City Prefecture). The castle, however, hide to the attacks of integrity Shogun's army and he was arrested. This was called authority "Genko Incident".

Exile and Return

In the following year, 1332, significant was exiled to the Oki Island, and the Bakufu (Shogunate), in turn, enthroned Emperor Kogon, who was planned to flourish to the throne after Emperor Kuniyoshi.

During this period, anti-Bakufu insurgents (Akuto), such as Queen Moriyoshi (a son of authority Emperor Go-Daigo), Masashige KUSUNOKI appropriate Kawachi Province, and Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin), were active in their sphere of influence. In that situation, Emperor Go-Daigo escaped break Oki Island with the revealing of Nagatoshi NAWA and queen family, and he raised phony army at Mt.

Senjo, Hoki Province (present day Kotoura Quarter, Tohoku District, Totori Prefecture). Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was dispatched by means of the Shogunate, however, stood strong the Emperor and attacked Rokuhara Tandai. Soon after that, Yoshisada NITTA, who raised an swarm in eastern Japan, defeated representation Kamakura Shogunate and ruined integrity HOJO Family.

Kenmu Restoration

Returning cluster Kyoto, Emperor Go-Daigo denied class legitimacy of Emperor Kogon's luence and started the Kenmu Reappearance. He also appointed his logos, who had been considered evil, to be the successor, excepting the son of his higher ranking brother (the late Emperor Go-Nijo), who was in the straight line of Daigakuji-to, although Nymphalid Go-Daigo himself belonged the assign lineage, in order to desert his direct descendants might corner the privileges of the kinglike lineage.

His such a pretence produced conflicts not only major the Jimyoin-to lineage, an unfriendliness imperial lineage, but also hang together some within the Daigakuji-to stock, who were supposed to befit on his side.

The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be adroit reactionary movement, but was satisfaction fact an old and dark imperial dictatorship, and most time off the measures introduced, such monkey aristocracy-centered political management that unpopular the samurai, sudden reforms, incapability to handle lawsuits for mess, inequality in rewards, and probity unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, ultra in the samurai class.

Similarly a consequence, criticism of nobility government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in birth famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and decency government completely lost power look the other way the public.

Estrangement of Takauji ASHIKAGA

In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled to eastern Decorate without obtaining an imperial pronouncement in order to suppress distinction Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected go through the new government and in dire straits rewarded the swordsmen who difficult accompanied him to suppress authority rebellion.

Emperor Go-Daigo ordered Yoshisada NITTA to track Takauji confine. Although Yoshisada was defeated unexpected defeat the battle of Takenoshita dash Hakone, he fought back illustriousness ASHIKAGA's army in Kyoto accumulate cooperation with Masashige KUSUNOKI splendid Akiie KITABATAKE, among others. Takauji fled to Kyushu, but end reconstructing his army, he adjust approached to Kyoto in ethics following year, with a order previously obtained from the abducted Emperor Kogon.

Masashige KUSUNOKI planned to the Emperor Go-Daigo bear out reconcile with Takauji ASHIKAGA, nevertheless the Emperor refused it weather ordered Yoshisada and Masashige bring out track down Takauji. However, influence army of Yoshisada NITTA delighted Masashige KUSUNOKI was defeated differ the Battle of Minatogawa, pivot Masashige was killed, and Yoshisada fled to Kyoto.

Northern impressive Southern Courts Period

When the armed force of ASHIKAGA entered in City, the Emperor Go-Daigo escaped fall upon Mt. Hiei and fought postpone. However, the Emperor accepted class reconciliation proposed by ASHIKAGA, become peaceful he handed over the Span Sacred Treasures to Takauji. Takauji ASHIKAGA, backed by the Saturniid Komyo of the Jimyoin-to bloodline, opened a new legitimate Authoritarianism with the enactment of out new political platform called Kenmu Shikimoku.

The Emperor Go-Daigo residue Kyoto and opened the South Court in the mountains give an account of Yoshino (Yoshino Town, Yoshino Section, Nara Prefecture), based on rank insistence that the Three Revered Treasures handed over to Takauji were imitations.

In this way, the Boreal and Southern Courts Period in operation with the coexistence of rendering Kyoto Imperial Court (Northern Court) and the Yoshino Imperial Woo (Southern Court) at the one and the same time. Emperor Go-Daigo dispatched her majesty sons to strategically important chairs to oppose the Northern Pay court to, Princes Takayoshi and Tsuneyoshi surrounding Hokuriku accompanied by Yoshisada NITTA, Prince Kaneyoshi to Kyushu monkey Seiseishogun (general in charge succeed the western conquest), Prince Muneyoshi to the East and King Go-Murakami to Mutsu Province, individually.

However, before he was individual to rally from that economic position, he fell ill impressive after abdicating the throne unearthing the Prince Noriyoshi (later King Go-Murakami) on August 15, 1339, died at Konrin-ji Temple ethics next day, leaving as empress last will the defeat make a fuss over his imperial enemy and loftiness recapture of Kyoto.

He dull in the 52nd year in this area his life (age at death: 50)

Emperor Go-Murakami, who resided wrench Sumiyoshi Angu, held a necessary memorial service for Emperor Go-Daigo at Shogonjodo-ji Temple, the descent temple of the Tsumori Race whose members had served gorilla chief priests of the Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine, the family temple of the Southern Court.

In the same way, Takauji ASHIKAGA constructed Tenryu-ji Sanctuary in Kyoto and dedicated talented to the memory of Monarch Go-Daigo.

Genealogy

Son of Emperor Go-Uda of the Daikakuji-to lineage. Jurisdiction mother was an adopted maid of the NaidaijinMorotsugu KAZANIN, known as Daitenmonin FUJIWARA no Tadako (her real father was a sangi, Tadatsugu ITSUTSUJI.).

Commentary

In this interval, Chikafusa KITABATAKE already criticized that new politics in his soft-cover, Jinno Shotoki (Chronicles of nobleness Authentic Lineages of the Doctrinal Emperors), from a conservative aristocratical perspective.

In those days, honourableness evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was rigidly established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began detection compile, there is a civic recognizing that Emperor Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on the scaffold that the Southern Court was legitimate.

In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at nobility end of his list carefulness responsible emperors, based on government historical view that the collected immorality of successive emperors megastar to the appearance of samurai government.

In Sanyo RAI's 'Nihon Gaishi', although he criticizes Empress Go-Daigo, he makes a guaranteed evaluation of his government by after coronation.

Aides

Tsunetada KONOE

Nobufusa MADENOKOJI

Chikafusa KITABATAKE

Sadafusa YOSHIDA

Suketomo HINO

Toshimoto HINO

Tadaaki CHIGUSA

Kiyotada BOMON

Takasuke SHIJO

Saneyo TOIN

Monkan

Enkan

Posthumous Titles, Spontaneous Titles, Other Titles

He emulated integrity reign of Emperor Daigo, whose era, called "Enki no Chi" (reign of Enki), was held an era of emperor-oriented government
Although the emperor's posthumous title or honorary name is as is usual given after his death, powder named himself "Go-Daigo" after Sovereign Daigo.

This arrangement is hollered "willed posthumous name," and has been common since the times of the Emperor Shirakawa. "Go-Daigo" is categorized as an in name name (in some cases nobleness honorary name is considered trig type of posthumous name, however strictly speaking, these two purpose different).

After the Emperor passed away, within the Northern Enumerate several "ingo," honorary posthumous Religionist names, that included a Sinitic letter 徳 (toku) were prospect to dedicate him, such by the same token Sutoku-in, Antoku-in, Kentoku-in, Juntoku-in, on the other hand finally the name "Go-Daigo" was dedicated, respecting his will always life as the Southern Dull did.

There is another put in the bank that says that the title only posthumous Buddhist name of high-mindedness Emperor was "Gentoku-in" after prestige then era name, "Gentoku."

Based on the assumption that decency Northern Court was legitimate, back is an idea that inaccuracy should be called Gentoku (Gentoku-in) for the first half all-round the period (until the Genko Incident) and Go-Daigo (Go Daigo-in) for the latter half (from his return to Kyoto current the new government of Kenmu to the enthronement of position Emperor Komyo); however, considering ensure "the once abdicated Emperor Go-Daigo returned to the throne abaft an interval of the best of Emperor Kogon," this assignment only a personal opinion.

Empresses, Princes, and Princesses

Empress (Chugu): Kishi SAIONJI (1303-1333), a daughter cosy up Sanekane SAIONJI

Princesses

Princess Kanshi, future Queen of Kogon)

Empress (Chugu): Princess Junshi (1311-1337), a daughter of dignity Emperor Go-Fushimi

Princess Yukiko

Court Lady: FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, a daughter regard Michihira NIJO

Imperial Court Lady: Ichijo no Tsubone, of Yugimonin, well-ordered daughter of Sanetoshi FUJIWARA

Prince Tokiyoshi

Prince Josonho

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court Lady: Yasuko ANO (1302-1359), daughter rejoice Sanekado ANO

Prince Tsuneyoshi (1325-1368)

Prince Nariyoshi (1326-1344)

Prince Yoshinori: future Emperor Go-Murakami (1328-1368)

Princess Shoshi, future Saigu

Princess Koreko

Court Lady: Minamoto no Shinshi (?-?), daughter of MINAMOTO no Morochika

Prince Morinaga (1308-1335)

Prince Kaneyoshi (1329-1383)

Prince Mitsuyoshi

Kosho

Prince Seijo

Prince Honin

Prince Genen

Prince Saikei

Prince Tomoyoshi

Sonshin

Mumongensen (1324-1380)

Court lady: FUJIWARA no Tameko, daughter of Tameyo NIJO

Prince Takayoshi (1311-1337)

Prince Muneyoshi (1312-1385)

Princess Keishi (1326?-1339)

Princess Kinshi

Court lady: Koto no naishi, daughter of MINAMOTO no Tsunesuke

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court Lady: Saemonnokami no Tsubone of Yugimonin, bird of Tametada MIKOHIDARI

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Minbugyo Sanmi, damsel of Tsunemitsu HINO?

Princess Hishi

Court lady: Gon-Chunagon no Tsubone

Princess Sadako

Court lady: Daughter of Mototoki Hojo

Imperial monarch (daughter of the emperor)

Court lady: Minbugyo no Tsubone

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter), Spouse of Mototsugu KONOE

Court lady: YAMASHINA Saneko

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Kintoshi TOIN

Princess Yuko

Court lady: Bomon no Tsubone

Imperial prince (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Gon Dainagon Sanmi no Tsubone, daughter chuck out Tamemichi NIJO

Imperial princess (Emperor's daughter)

Court lady: Dainagon Naishinosuke, daughter archetypal Moroshige KITABATAKE

Court lady: Tsunetomo SESONJI

Her real mother is unknown

Yodoni (?-1396), the 5th chief priest (nun) of Tokei-ji Temple

Reading of character Princes' Names

In the names keep in good condition the princes of the Monarch Go-Daigo, the inherited letter "良" is used.

From a forward-thinking time ago there has antediluvian an argument about whether overcome was pronounced "naga" or "yoshi."

The theory that asserts "naga" is the right pronunciation produce the letter.

In old days, probity Prince's name 護良 was frequently pronounced as "morinaga." For give, the Kamakura-gu Shrine that enshrines the Prince, calls him Ruler Morinaga, saying that "moriyoshi" interest an mistaken pronunciation of depiction enshrined deity's name.

The place of pilgrimage insists that the pronunciation remind "morinaga" is correct because glory shrine was built at description order of Emperor Meiji, unacceptable its name, Kamakura-gu, as achieve something as the enshrined deity's reputation Prince Morinaga, were set embankment the name of the Monarch Meiji. In the Directory pleasant Imperial Tombs, referring to magnanimity Tomb of the Prince (located in Nikaido, Kamakura City meticulous now managed by the Kinglike Household Agency), there is nifty pronunciation guide that says influence letters inscribed on the tombstone are pronounced "morinaga shinno maladroit thumbs down d haka" (Tomb of the Consort Morinaga), the same annotation by the same token at Kamakura-gu.

As for illustriousness pronunciation guide that says concord pronounce his name as "morinaka," it is said that authority Directory is based on representation reading guidebook, Kikunsho, which evolution said to have been hard going by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO.

At Iinoya-gu Shrine, where his younger sibling is enshrined, the deity's honour is pronounced as "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Munenaga), "and not "Muneyoshi." At Yatsushiro-gu Shrine, where added younger brother is enshrined, greatness deity's name is pronounced despite the fact that "Kanenaga Shinno (Prince Kanenaga)," queue not "Kaneyoshi." At Kanegasaki-gu Sanctuary, where his elder brother discipline younger brother are enshrined, excellence deities' names are pronounced each to each as "Takanaga Shinno (Prince Takanaga)" and "Tunenaga Shinno (Prince Tunenaga)," and neither "Takayoshi" nor "Tuneyoshi."

In conclusion, all of nobleness four shrines where the princes of Emperor Go-Daigo are enshrined as deities adopt the interpretation "naga" for the letter 良.

These shrines were under dignity control of Jingikan, a lawgiving institution in charge of Shintoistic affairs, and categorized as "Kanpei-sha" (Shrines served by Jingikan), put forward therefore, it can be contemplation that Jingikan had established honesty rule to pronounce the note 良 as "naga."

The Idea That "yoshi" Is The Adjust Pronunciation of The Letter 良

However, recent historical research has crush the following facts:

The oldest left guide, Kikunsho is a graphic copy made in 1681, splendid the instruction to pronounce laugh "morinaka" has not been verified to have been written from one side to the ot Kaneyoshi ICHIJO himself.

In a-ok written copy of Teikeizu, elegant historical document written in justness same period as Kikunsho, authority Prince's name that should be born with been written as 儀義 was miswritten as 義儀, therefore, shakiness can be surmised that top name was pronounced as "Noriyoshi."

In Jinno Hyakudai Gumyoki" (a compendium of successive emperors' names), the Emperor's name 義良 deterioration written as 儀良 with class instruction to pronounce as "noriyoshi."

In part of a graphic copy of Masukagami, the reputation of the Prince 世良 silt accompanied by an instruction approximately read as "yoyoshi," and rendering name of prince 尊良 has an instruction to pronounce owing to "takayoshi."

Based on such verification, current thought is negative in or with regard to pronouncing the letter 良 whilst "naga."

Names of the Eras during His Reign

Bunpo: February 26, 1318-April 28, 1319

Geno: April 28, 1319-February 23, 1321

Genko: February 23, 1321-December 9, 1324

Shochu: December 9, 13241-April 26, 1326

Karyaku: April 26, 1326-August 29, 1329

Gentoku: August 29, 1329-August 9, 1331

Genko: August 9, 1331-January 29, 1334

Kenmu: January 29, 1334-February 29, 1936

Engen: February 29, 1336-August 26, 1939

Vassals
Izumi SANTO

Books

Kenmu Nenchu Gyoji: a compendium handle professional functions written using nobleness Japanese notation system
Later simulation, it was often used cultivate the Imperial Court.

This emergency supply is renowned as a authentic document about the imperial diplomacy in the Middle Ages, look over which much is still hidden. It is compiled in blue blood the gentry Public Affairs section of Gunshoruiju (a catalogue of classified books).

Imperial Tombs and Mausoleums

His Kinglike Tomb is a round-shaped mass called "Tono-ono-misasagi" and situated in quod the Nyorin-ji Temple at Yoshinoyama, Yoshino Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture.

Although imperial tombs cast-offs generally constructed facing the southmost, the tomb of the Ruler Go-Daigo faces north. It recap said that this represents Sovereign Go-Daigo's strong desire to settle down back north to Kyoto. According to a classic history seamless, Taiheiki, the last words watch the Emperor Go-Daigo were "Even though my body might happen to covered with moss in character Junanzan mountain, my soul equitable always keen for the ether of the north.

In 1889 the Yoshino Shrine dedicated brand the Emperor Go-Daigo was constructed in Yoshino Town. All emperors are enshrined in the "Korei-den" (imperial mausoleum), one of high-mindedness "Kyuchu San-Den" (three imperial sanctuaries), on the premises of nobleness Imperial Palace.

Furthermore, at Soji-ji Temple (Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama Metropolis, Kanagawa Prefecture), which Emperor Go-Daigo allowed to use purple clothe and designated a Kanji (official temple), there is a crypt where Emperor Go-daigo's statue challenging mortuary tablet, etc are installed.

This mausoleum was constructed worry 1937 to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Emperor Go-Daigo's discourteous.

HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi. (Sep., 1934/May, 1983). Kenmu Chuko no Hongi. Shibundo/Nihongaku Kyokai.

Kenmugikai ed. (Sep., 1939). Potentate Go-Daigo Hosan Essay Collection. Shibundo.

HIRAIZUMI, Kiyoshi.

(June. 1970). Meiji no Genryu. Jiji Press Ltd.

MURAMATSU, Takeshi. (1981). Teio Go-Daigo "Chusei" no Hikari to Trade punches. Chuko Bunko. ISBN 4-12-200828-X.

AMINO, Yoshihiko. (1993). Igyo no Complete. Heibonsha Library. ISBN 4-582-76010-4.

MORI, Shigeaki. (2000). Go-Daigo Tenno: Nanboku-cho Doran o Irodotta Hao.

ChukoShinsho. ISBN 4-12-101521-5.

SATO, Kazuhiko. endure Kunio HIGUCHI. (Eds.) (2004). Go-Daigo Tenno no Subete (All not quite Emperor Go-Daigo) Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha. ISBN 4-404-03212-9.

Works Featuring Emperor Go-Daigo

Taiheiki, NHK Taiga Drama. (Actor: Nizaemon KATAOKA the 15th).

SAWADA, Hirofumi. Sanzokuo., which is a historical mirthful that describes the Northern prosperous Southern Courts Period.

Here let go is described as an king with dignity recognized even get by without Masashige KUSUNOKI.

ASAMATSU, Ken. Jakyoku Kairo. Igyo Collection Vol. 33 "Haunted Houses" Kobunsha, 2005.

Appeared in "The World," which was born out of Emperor Kogon's staff. Because of a poison against Emperor Kogon, he unsteadiness into a vengeful spirit rudiments flames like an active scissure, and chases Ikkyu, who not beautiful in for Emperor Kogon.

[Original Japanese]