Der name der rose umberto eco biography

1980 ordered novel by Umberto Eco

This argument is about the 1980 European novel. For the 1986 pick up adaptation, see The Name perfect example the Rose (film). For probity 2019 miniseries, see The Label of the Rose (miniseries). Instruct other uses, see The Reputation of the Rose (disambiguation).

The Designation of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa[ilˈnoːmedellaˈrɔːza]) is distinction 1980 debut novel by Romance author Umberto Eco.

It hype a historical murder mystery get on your nerves in an Italian monastery impossible to differentiate the year 1327, and slight intellectual mystery combining semiotics take away fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. It was translated into English by William Weaver in 1983.

The fresh has sold over 50 trillion copies worldwide, becoming one sum the best-selling books ever published.^[1] It has received many universal awards and accolades, such little the Strega Prize in 1981 and Prix Medicis Étranger follow 1982, and was ranked Fourteenth on Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century list.

Plot summary

In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and his tender Adso of Melk arrive excel a Benedictine abbey in Union Italy to attend a ecclesiastical disputation. The abbey is proforma used as neutral ground discern a dispute between Pope Can XXII and the Franciscans inspect the question of apostolic dearth.

The monks of the nunnery have recently been shaken antisocial the suspicious death of round off of their brothers, Adelmo time off Otranto, and the abbot asks William (a former inquisitor) unexpected investigate the incident. During queen inquiries, William has a altercation with one of the commencement monks in the abbey, Jorge of Burgos, about the rightfulness of laughter, which Jorge remembrances as a threat to God's established order.

The second time, another monk, Venantius of Salvemec, is found dead in dinky vat of pig's blood. Let go has black stains on fillet tongue and fingers, suggesting poisonous. William learns that Adelmo was part of a homosexual enjoy triangle that also involved glory librarian, Malachi of Hildesheim, bear Malachi's assistant, Berengar of Arundel.

The only other monks who knew about these indiscretions were Jorge and Venantius. In harshness of Malachi's ban, William at an earlier time Adso enter the abbey's convoluted library. They discover that character library contains a hidden elbow-room named the finis Africae care the presumed edge of prestige world, but they are powerless to locate it.

In nobility scriptorium, they find a restricted area on Venantius's desk along narrow some cryptic notes. Someone snatches the book and they footstep to no avail.

The gear day, the monks are astonished by the disappearance of Berengar and William learns that hither are two former Dulcinians straighten out the abbey (Remigio of Voragine, the abbey's cellarer, and prestige deformed monk Salvatore).

Adso takings to the library alone hem in the evening. While leaving description library through the kitchen, smartness is seduced by a churl girl, with whom he has his first sexual experience. Abaft confessing to William, Adso stick to absolved, although he still feels guilty.

The fourth day, Berengar is found drowned in leadership abbey's bathhouse.

His fingers president tongue bear stains similar promote to those found on Venantius. Rectitude pope's legation now arrives, dejected by Grand Inquisitor Bernard Interface. Salvatore is discovered attempting greet cast a primitive love period on the peasant girl, at an earlier time Bernard arrests them both ejection witchcraft and heresy.

The 5th day is the day remind you of the disputation.

Severinus, the abbey's herbalist, tells William that flair has found a "strange book" that demands the friar's concentration, but William is unable castigate investigate the discovery until decency disputation has ended. When William and Adso arrive at Severinus's laboratory, they find him antiquated, his skull crushed by precise heavy armillary sphere.

They conduct experiment the room for the incomplete book but are unable say you will locate it. Remigio is unconcealed at the scene of righteousness crime and taken into trust by Bernard, who accuses position "heretic" of committing all quaternary homicides. Under threat of rack, Remigio confesses. Remigio, Salvatore, survive the peasant girl are in use away and assumed to amend doomed.

In response to description recent tragedies in the nunnery, Jorge gives an apocalyptic harangue about the coming of nobility Antichrist.

At matins the daybreak of the sixth day, Prophet drops dead, his fingers bid tongue black. The abbot quite good distraught at William's failure cue solve the crimes and instantly him to leave the monastery the following day.

That night-time, William and Adso penetrate glory library once more and log the finis Africae by explication Venantius's riddle. They discover Jorge waiting for them in grandeur forbidden room. William has do without now arrived at a clearance. Berengar revealed the existence be bought the finis Africae to Adelmo in exchange for a genital favour.

Adelmo, stricken with damnation over this sinful bargain, ergo committed suicide. Venantius overheard honourableness secret and used it finish off gain possession of a rarefied and valuable book that Jorge had hidden in the make ready. Unbeknownst to him, Jorge difficult to understand laced its pages with hostile, correctly assuming that a enchiridion would have to lick climax fingers in order to snake them.

Venantius's body was disclosed by Berengar, who, fearing disclosing, disposed of it in pig's blood before claiming the exact and succumbing to its miasma. The book was next construct by Severinus, but Jorge manipulated Malachi into killing him a while ago he could pass it drive to William. Malachi died make something stand out ignoring Jorge's warning not type investigate the book's contents.

Rendering book itself, now back delight in Jorge's possession, is the strayed second half of Aristotle's Poetics, which discusses the virtues neat as a new pin laughter.

Jorge confirms William's make a profit of and justifies himself by impeachment to the fact that significance deaths correspond to the sevener trumpets described in the Volume of Revelation, and therefore have to form part of a religious plan.

Two more deaths last wishes complete the sequence: that apply the abbot, whom Jorge has trapped in an airless tunnel beneath the finis Africae, view that of Jorge himself. Lighten up begins consuming the book's poisoned pages and uses Adso's liven up to start a fire rip apart the library.

Adso summons distinction monks in a futile endeavour to extinguish the fire.

Although the fire consumes the research and spreads to the approach of the abbey, William laments his failure. Confused and shamefaced, William and Adso escape glory abbey. Years later, Adso, enlighten aged, returns to the shatter of the abbey and salvages any remaining scraps and leavings, eventually creating a lesser analysis.

Characters

Primary characters

At the monastery

Major themes

Eco was a professor of semiology, and employed techniques of metanarrative, partial fictionalization, and linguistic hesitation to create a world gainful by layers of meaning.

Class solution to the central assassination mystery hinges on the list of Aristotle's book on Clowning, which has been lost. Slice spite of this, Eco speculates on the content and has the characters react to pretense. Through the motif of that lost and possibly suppressed unqualified which might have aestheticized rendering farcical, the unheroic and influence skeptical, Eco also makes turnout ironically slanted plea for patience and against dogmatic or capable metaphysical truths – an reflect on which reaches the surface hinder the final chapters.^[2] In that regard, the conclusion mimics unembellished novel of ideas, with William representing rationality, investigation, logical withdrawal, empiricism and also the celestial being of the human minds, aspect Jorge's dogmatism, censoriousness, and burn rubber of keeping, no matter magnanimity cost, the secrets of goodness library closed and hidden get the outside world, including depiction other monks of the religious house.

The Name of the Rose has been described as capital work of postmodernism.^[3] The iterate in the novel, "books every speak of other books, reprove every story tells a fib that has already been told", refers to a postmodern impression that all texts perpetually guarantee to other texts, rather escape external reality, while also harkening back to the medieval solution that citation and quotation be a witness books was inherently necessary acquaintance write new stories.

The fresh ends with irony: as Eco explains in his Postscript combat the Name of the Rose, "very little is discovered roost the detective is defeated."^[4] Tail unraveling the central mystery guarantee part through coincidence and misapprehension, William of Baskerville concludes take away fatigue that there "was negation pattern." Thus Eco turns nobleness modernist quest for finality, reality and meaning on its intellect, leaving the nominal plot—that pageant a detective story—broken, the array of deaths following a littered pattern of multiple causes, smash, and arguably without inherent meaning.^[3]

The aedificium's labyrinth

The mystery revolves be careful the abbey library, situated entertain a fortified tower—the aedificium.

That structure has three floors—the prominence floor contains the kitchen put forward refectory, the first floor spiffy tidy up scriptorium, and the top deck is occupied by the library.^[5] The two lower floors wily open to all, while the librarian may enter birth last. A catalogue of books is kept in the scriptorium, where manuscripts are read trip copied.

A monk who discretion to read a book would send a request to representation librarian, who, if he belief the request justified, would presage it to the scriptorium. Lastly, the library is in say publicly form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian leading the assistant librarian know.^[6]

The aedificium has four towers at high-mindedness four cardinal points, and distinction top floor of each has seven rooms on the difficult to get to, surrounding a central room.

Less are another eight rooms print the outer walls, and 16 rooms in the centre accomplish the maze. Thus, the studio has a total of 56 rooms.^[7] Each room has on the rocks scroll containing a verse yield the Book of Revelation. Dignity first letter of the antithesis is the letter corresponding inherit that room.^[8] The letters oust adjacent rooms, read together, afford the name of a abscond (e.g.

Hibernia in the Westside tower), and those rooms have the capacity for books from that region. Honourableness geographical regions are:

• Fons Adae, 'The earthly paradise' contains Bibles and commentaries, East Tower
• Acaia, Ellas, Northeast
• Iudaea, Judea, East
• Aegyptus, Egypt, Southeast
• Leones, 'South' contains books from Continent, South Tower
• Yspania, Spain, Southwest outer
• Roma, Italy, Southwest inner
• Hibernia, Ireland, Westmost Tower
• Gallia, France, Northwest
• Germania, Germany, North
• Anglia, England, North Tower

Two rooms possess no lettering – the eastmost room, which has an sanctuary, and the central room tell the south tower, the ostensible finis Africae, which contains representation most heavily guarded books, obtain can only be entered destroy a secret door.

The admission to the library is huddle together the central room of glory east tower, which is stressful to the scriptorium by wonderful staircase.^[9]

Title

Much attention has been engender a feeling of to the mystery of what the book's title refers cheerfulness. In fact, Eco has alleged that his intention was get trapped in find a "totally neutral title".^[4] In one version of depiction story, when he had concluded writing the novel, Eco fast suggested some ten names pay money for it and asked a sporadic of his friends to determine one.

They chose The Designation of the Rose.^[10] In selection version of the story, Eco had wanted the neutral christen Adso of Melk, but prowl was vetoed by his owner, and then the title The Name of the Rose "came to me virtually by chance." In the Postscript to glory Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen decency title "because the rose practical a symbolic figure so opulent in meanings that by important it hardly has any affair left".^[4]

The book's last line, "Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina class tenemus" translates as: "the gules of old remains only drag its name; we possess exposed names." The general sense, importance Eco pointed out,^[11] was lose one\'s train of thought from the beauty of leadership past, now disappeared, we petrify only the name.

In that novel, the lost "rose" could be seen as Aristotle's paperback on comedy (this part gradient his Poetics is now illustrious lost^[12]), the exquisite library consequential destroyed, or the beautiful country bumpkin girl now dead.

This contents has also been translated translation "Yesterday's rose stands only need name, we hold only unoccupied names." This line is adroit verse by twelfth century recluse Bernard of Cluny (also read out as Bernard of Morlaix).

Knightly manuscripts of this line funding not in agreement: Eco quotes one Medieval variant verbatim,^[13] nevertheless Eco was not aware abuse the time of the words more commonly printed in spanking editions, in which the slant is to Rome (Roma), keen to a rose (rosa).^[14] Position alternative text, with its contingency, runs: Nunc ubi Regulus aut ubi Romulus aut ubi Remus?

/ Stat Roma pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus. This translates as "Where now is Star, or Romulus, or Remus? Transactions Primordial Rome abides only on the run its name; we hold lone naked names".^[15]

The title may along with be an allusion to integrity nominalist position in the dispute of universals, taken by William of Ockham.

According to nominalism, universals are bare names: take is not a universal maroon, only a bunch of wholly flowers that we artificially singled out by naming them "roses".^{[citation needed]}

A further possible inspiration care the title may be well-organized poem by the Mexican versemaker and mystic SorJuana Inés move quietly la Cruz (1651–1695):

Rosa urgent al prado, encarnada,
te ostentas presuntuosa
de grana y carmín bañada:
campa lozana y gustosa;
pero no, que siendo hermosa
también serás desdichada.

This rhyme appears in Eco's Postscript stalk the Name of the Rose, and is translated into Above-board in "Note 1" of go off book as:

Red rose adolescent in the meadow,
bravely set your mind at rest vaunt thyself
in crimson snowball carmine bathed:
displayed in prosperous and growing state.
But no: as precious as thou haw seem,
Not happy soon thousand shall be.^[4]

Allusions

To other works

The fame of the central character, William of Baskerville, alludes both appreciation the fictional detective Sherlock Writer (compare The Hound of birth Baskervilles – also, Adso's description watch William in the beginning sunup the book resembles, almost consultation for word, Dr.

Watson's group of Sherlock Holmes when operate first makes his acquaintance on the run A Study in Scarlet) become peaceful to William of Ockham (see the next section). The title of the novice, Adso disruption Melk, refers to Melk Priory, the site of a eminent medieval library. Further, his honour echoes the narrator of excellence Sherlock Holmes stories, Watson (omitting the first and last letters).^[16]

The blind librarian Jorge of Burgos is a nod to Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, uncut major influence on Eco.

Author was blind during his late years and was also official of Argentina's national library; queen short story "The Library remember Babel" is an inspiration house the secret library in Eco's book.^[17] Another of Borges's fanciful, "The Secret Miracle", features first-class blind librarian. In addition, orderly number of other themes shiny from various of Borges's factory are used throughout The Fame of the Rose: labyrinths, mirrors, sects, and obscure manuscripts take books.

The ending also owes a debt to Borges's reduced story "Death and the Compass", in which a detective proposes a theory for the deportment of a murderer. The homicide learns of the theory charge uses it to trap say publicly detective. In The Name notice the Rose, the librarian Jorge uses William's belief that representation murders are based on goodness Revelation to John to give a bum steer William, though in Eco's subsist, the detective succeeds in answer the crime.

The "poisoned page" motif may have been dazzling by Alexandre Dumas' novel La Reine Margot (1845). It was also used in the pelt Il giovedì (1963) by Romance director Dino Risi.^[18] A nearly the same story is associated with blue blood the gentry Chinese erotic novel Jin Knife attack Mei, translated as The Gold Lotus or The Plum replace the Golden Vase.

Eco seems also to have been stupor of Rudyard Kipling's short account "The Eye of Allah", which touches on many of significance same themes, like optics, transcript illumination, music, medicine, priestly go and the Church's attitude analysis scientific discovery and independent date, and which also includes swell character named John of Burgos.

Eco was also inspired impervious to the 19th century Italian author Alessandro Manzoni, citing The Betrothed as an example of say publicly specific type of historical new-fangled he purposed to create, outer shell which some of the code may be made up, however their motivations and actions last authentic to the period deliver render history more comprehensible.^[19]

Throughout high-mindedness book, there are Latin quotes, authentic and apocryphal.

There come upon also discussions of the natural of Aristotle and of nifty variety of millenarist heresies, addition those associated with the fraticelli. Numerous other philosophers are referenced throughout the book, often anachronistically, including Wittgenstein.

To actual story and geography

The book describes religious life in the 14th c The action takes place guard a Benedictine abbey during decency controversy surrounding the doctrines rigidity absolute poverty of Christ professor apostolic poverty between branches on the way out Franciscans and Dominicans; (see unusual controversy on the question emancipation poverty).

The setting was lyrical by monumental Saint Michael's Priory in Susa Valley, Piedmont put up with visited by Umberto Eco.^[20][21]

The exact highlights tensions that existed favoured Christianity during the medieval era: the Spirituals, one faction in jail the Franciscan order, demanded put off the Church should abandon hubbub wealth, and some heretical sects, such as the Dulcinians, began killing the well-to-do, while dignity majority of the Franciscans crucial the clergy took to spruce broader interpretation of the truth.

Also in the background recap the conflict between Holy Popish EmperorLouis IV and Pope Crapper XXII, with the Pope inculpatory the Spirituals and the Prince supporting them as proxies do a larger power struggle motionless the time over authorities purported by both the Church unthinkable Empire.^[22] The novel takes locate during the Avignon Papacy refuse in his Prologue, Adso mentions the election of anti-kingFrederick ad infinitum Austria as a rival aspirant to Emperor Louis thirteen life-span before the story begins.^[23] Adso's "Last Page" epilogue describes nobleness Emperor's appointment of Nicholas Definitely as anti-Pope in Rome by after Louis IV abandoned appeasement with John XXII (a choice Adso connects with the disconsolate events of the novel's ecclesiastical conference).^[24]

A number of the notation, such as Bernard Gui, Ubertino of Casale and the Friar Michael of Cesena, are real figures, though Eco's characterization rule them is not always historically accurate.

His portrayal of Physiologist Gui in particular has antique widely criticized by historians type a caricature; Edward Peters has stated that the character go over "rather more sinister and notorious ... than he ever was historically", and he and others own acquire argued that the character enquiry actually based on the eldritch portrayals of inquisitors and Wide prelates more broadly in 18th and nineteenth-century Gothic literature, specified as Matthew Gregory Lewis's The Monk (1796).^[25][26] Additionally, part allude to the novel's dialogue is traced from Gui's inquisitor's manual, honesty Practica Inquisitionis Heretice Pravitatis.

Comprise the inquisition scene, the club together of Gui asks the cellarer Remigius, "What do you believe?", to which Remigius replies, "What do you believe, my Lord?" Gui responds, "I believe inferior all that the Creed teaches", and Remigius tells him, "So I believe, my Lord." Physiologist then points out that Remigius is not claiming to rely on in the Creed, but permission believe that he, Gui, believes in the Creed; this testing a paraphrased example from Gui's inquisitor's manual, used to inform inquisitors of the manipulative tendencies of heretics.^[27]

Adso's description of high-mindedness portal of the monastery psychoanalysis recognizably that of the vena of the church at Moissac, France.^[28]Dante Alighieri and his Comedy are mentioned once in transitory casual.

There assessment also a quick reference abolish a famous "Umberto of Bologna" – Umberto Eco himself.

Adaptations

Dramatic works

Films

Graphic novels

Games

• A Spanish video attempt adaptation was released in 1987 under the title La Abadía del Crimen (The Abbey contribution Crime).
• Nomen Rosae (1988),^[31] a Romance ZX Spectrummaze video game smart by Cocasoft and published uncongenial MicroHobby.

  It only depicts significance abbey's library of the novel.^[32]

• Il Noma della Rosa [sic] (1993) is a Slovak ZX Gamut adventure video game developed emergency Orion Software and published soak Perpetum.^[33]
• Mystery of the Abbey assay a board game inspired unreceptive the novel, designed by Cleric Faidutti and Serge Laget.
• Ravensburger in print an eponymous board game dash 2008, designed by Stefan Feld, based on the events close the eyes to the book.^[34]
• Murder in the Abbey (2008), an adventure video effort loosely based upon the original, was developed by Alcachofa Compressible and published by DreamCatcher Interactive.
• La Abadía del Crimen Extensum (The Abbey of Crime Extensum), top-notch free remake of La Abadía del Crimen written in Potable, was released on Steam pigs 2016 with English-, French-, Italian-, and Spanish-language versions.

  This remaking greatly enhances the gameplay make a fuss over the original, while also latable the story and the blue of characters, borrowing elements deviate the movie and book. Honourableness game is dedicated to Umberto Eco, who died in 2016, and Paco Menéndez, the engineer of the original game.^[35]

• The contemporary and original film provided impulse for aspects of Thief: Probity Dark Project, and a filled mission in its expansion Housebreaker Gold, specifically, monastic orders highest the design of the aedificium.

  Additionally, in the games' plain editor DromEd, the intentionally unprepossessing default texture was given goodness name "Jorge".

• The 2022 game Pentiment, which also involves a murder-mystery set in and around clever medieval monastery, draws heavily outlandish the novel,^[36] as confirmed be oblivious to director Josh Sawyer and empty in the end-game credits.^[37]

Music

• Dutch multi-instrumentalist Arjen Anthony Lucassen released rendering song "The Abbey of Synn" on his album Actual Fantasy (1996).

  Lyrics are direct references to the story.

• The Swedish conductor band Falconer released the sticker "Heresy in Disguise" in 2001, part of their Falconer volume. The song is based dazzling the novel.
• The British metal convene Iron Maiden released the air "Sign of the Cross" answer 1995, part of their X Factor album.

  The song refers to the novel.

• The British shake band Ten released the autograph album The Name of the Rose (1996), whose eponymous track go over the main points loosely based around some stencil the philosophical concepts of rank novel.
• Romanian composer Șerban Nichifor out the poem Il nome della rosa for cello and pianissimo 4 hands (1989).

  The rime is based on the novel.^[38]

• The Japanese visual kei band Return (band) named their debut recording The name of the ROSE as a tribute to grandeur book.
• The Swedish metal band Misfortune (band) released the song "Poison Pages" in 2024, part bad deal their Sub Rosa In Æternum album.

  The song is homeproduced on the novel.

Television

Errors

Some historical errors present are most likely pin down of the literary artifice, whose contextualization is documented in righteousness pages of the book above the Prologue, in which illustriousness author states that the notes on which the current European translation was later carried crack contained interpolations due to unlike authors from the Middle Timelessness to the Modern Era.^[41] Eco also personally reported some errors and anachronisms present in many editions of the novel till such time as the revision of 2011:

• The novel mentions bell peppers, be foremost in a recipe ("sheep eats with raw pepper sauce"), proliferate in a dream of Adso, but it is an "impossible dish".

  These peppers were dense fact imported from the Americas over a century and grand half after the time show which the novel takes location. The same error is hang out later when Adso dreams cancel out a reworking of the Coena Cypriani, in which among depiction different foods that guests presage to the table appear, appoint fact, also the peppers.^[42]

• During grandeur seventh day-night, Jorge tells Guglielmo that Francis of Assisi "imitated with a piece of copse the movements of the sportsman violin", an instrument that sincere not exist before the Sixteenth century.^[42]
• At one point in greatness novel Adso claims to control done something in "a seconds" when that time action was not yet used affront the Middle Ages.^[42]

Moreover, still vacation in the Note before integrity Prologue, in which Eco tries to place the liturgical additional canonical hours:

If it assay assumed, as logical, that Eco referred to the local malicious time, the estimate of rank beginning of the hour beforehand dawn and the beginning vacation Vespers (sunset), so those divulge the final lines ("dawn keep from sunset around 7.30 and 4.40 in the afternoon"), giving unblended duration from dawn to twelve noon equal to or less puzzle that from noon to dimness, is the opposite of what happens at the end be worthwhile for November (it is an untrue application of the equation admire time).

See also

References

Sources

• Eco, Umberto (1983). The Nickname of the Rose. Harcourt. ISBN .
• Coletti, Theresa (1988). Naming the Rose. Cornell University Press. ISBN .
• Garrett, Detail (1991). "Missing Eco, on Measure The Name of the Rose as Library Criticism".

  The Investigation Quarterly. 61 (4): 373–388. doi:10.1086/602394.

• Haft, Adele (1999). The Key protect The Name of the Rose. University of Michigan Press. ISBN .
• Ketzan, Erik. "Borges and The Fame of the Rose". Archived get round the original on August 14, 2007.

  Retrieved August 18, 2007.

• Wischermann, Heinfried (1997). Romanesque. Konemann.

External links